Inward reinsurance

When a reinsurance company assumes from other insurance and reinsurance companies the portion of the risk that exceeds their retention limits.

Accumulated profit

The legally justified amount of net profit for the current year, net profit brought forward and reserves from profit, which in accordance with the decision of the insurance company’s management board is first used to increase reserves (legal reserves, treasury share reserves and treasury shares, and statutory reserves) and other reserves according to the Supervisory Board’s decision. The remainder, referred to as accumulated profit, is allocated by the General Meeting of Shareholders to dividends, other reserves and other purposes, and carried forward to the next year.

Cedent

A party to a reinsurance contract who passes a portion of their assumed risks to reinsurance. The recipient of those risks is typically an insurance company. To cede means to pass a portion of assumed risk to the reinsurer.

Total return on share

The sum of growth in the share price in the accounting period and the dividend yield as at the reporting date.

Total revenue

Total revenue is composed of gross written insurance, coinsurance and reinsurance written premiums, other insurance income and other income.

Net earnings per share

The ratio of net profit in the accounting period which refers to the ordinary shareholders of the controlling company to the weighted average number of ordinary shares less ordinary shares held by Zavarovalnica Triglav or the Triglav Group members.

Return on equity (ROE)

The ratio of net profit for the period to the average balance of shareholders’ equity in the period.

Return on equity attributable to the owners of the controlling company

The ratio of net profit to the average balance of shareholders’ equity held by the owners of the controlling company in the accounting period.

Net claims incurred

Comprise gross claims incurred (benefits, claim payments and appraisal costs) less reinsurers’ and coinsurers’ shares of gross claims paid, adjusted for any change in net claims provisions, plus equalisation scheme expenses for supplementary health insurance.

Net premium income

Comprises gross written premium less written premium ceded to reinsurers and coinsurers, adjusted for the change in net unearned premium.

Floating stock/free float

Shares held by shareholders who own 5% or less of shareholders’ equity.

Economic value distributed

Comprises net claims incurred and other insurance expenses, expenses from financial assets, other expenses, operating expenses, dividend payments, tax expense, community investment (prevention activities, donations, sponsorships), employee wages, allowances and benefits.

Dividend yield

The ratio of gross dividends per share to price per share on a given day.

Supplemental insurance/rider

Insurance that is underwritten as a supplement to another (precisely defined) insurance and that cannot be underwritten independently.

Return on investment

Difference between income and expenses from financial assets. Income from investments comprises income from investments in associates and income from investments (interest income, gains on disposal of investments and other income from investments). Expenses from investments comprise expenses from investments in associates and expenses from investments (impairment of investments, losses on the disposal of investments and other expenses from investments). Return on investment does not include net unrealised gains and losses on unit-linked life insurance assets.

Endowment (for life insurance products with a savings component)

Insured event in which the insurer pays the sum insured, together with bonuses after the insured survives an agreed insurance period.

Incurred but not reported (IBNR)

Provisions for incurred but not yet reported claims.

Capitalisation

The reduction of sums insured in life insurance with a savings component, which is carried out if the policyholder stops paying premiums. In addition to standard criteria for setting the premium (gender and age of the insured), the amount of the sum insured depends primarily on the number of paid in premiums and the remaining insurance term.

Book value per share

Ratio of stockholders’ equity to the number of outstanding shares on the reporting date.

Capital adequacy ratio

The ratio of available own funds eligible for covering the solvency capital requirement to the solvency capital requirement.

Combined ratio

The sum of the expense ratio and claims ratio. It shows the profitability of non-life and health insurance transactions. A value of less than 100% indicates profit from non-life and health insurance transactions, excluding returns on investment.

Composite (or universal, general) insurance company

An insurance company that conducts non-life and life insurance business.  

Gross and net

In the insurance industry, the terms gross and net typically relate to quantities and ratios before and after the deduction for reinsurance.

Unearned premium

A component of insurance technical provisions that represents the component of gross written premium that relates to future or subsequent accounting periods.

Claims provisions

Provisions created to cover claims that incurred in the past and were not settled by the end of the accounting period. Provisions are created for already reported claims, claims not yet reported and/or under-reported claims.

Gross operating expenses

Gross operating expenses are recognised as original costs by nature.

Own risk and solvency assessment (ORSA)

Own assessment of risks to which the insurance company’s business is exposed, including the risks it may be exposed to in the future, and an assessment of the appropriateness of available own funds to cover them.

Gross written premium

Sum of all premiums that the insurance company charges to policyholders following the underwriting or renewal of policies in the accounting period.

Gross written premium per company employee

Gross written premium in the accounting period divided by the average number of employees at an insurance company.

Gross claims paid

Benefits and claims calculated for all or a portion of settled claims in the accounting period, including claim settlement costs.

Expense ratio

Ratio of the sum of operating expenses, expenses for bonuses and discounts and other net insurance expenses (calculated as the difference between other insurance expenses and other insurance income) to net non-life and health insurance premium earned.

Surrender

The termination of a life insurance policy that results in the pay-out of the value thereof (saved assets and mathematical provisions, less the costs incurred by the insurance company).

Average daily turnover in shares

The ratio of the total value of share turnover in the accounting period to the number of trading days in that period.

Reinsurance

Reinsurance is the insurance of amounts over the internal risk equalisation rate of a given insurance company with another insurance company registered to provide reinsurance services.

Prevention

The portion of non-life insurance premiums that the insurance company allocates to prevention activities to mitigate future risks.

Associate

A company in which another entity directly or indirectly holds between 20% and 50% of voting rights, and thus has a significant effect on capital, but does not control that company.

Income from claimed gross subrogation receivables

The amount of subrogation claims that were created in the accounting period as subrogation receivable based on a ruling of the competent court, an agreement with the person liable to subrogation, or the payment of benefits with regard to credit insurance.

Risk profile

A risk profile is a quantitative assessment of the risks to which the insurance company is exposed. In order to adequately identify the risk profile, processes are established, and risk exposure and measurements are defined for every type of risk for the purpose of assessing the extent thereof.

Deferred acquisition costs (DAC)

Costs that the insurance company incurs in the acquisition of new insurance contracts are deferred equally for the entire duration of those contracts for accounting purposes. Thus, the one-time cost incurred when insurance is underwritten is deferred equally over the entire insurance period.

Available own funds

Available own funds are used to cover the solvency capital requirement and represent the surplus of assets over liabilities, plus subordinated liabilities, taking into account other regulatory, insurer-specific adjustments.

Reported but not settled (RBNS)

Provisions for losses incurred that have been reported but not settled (provisions after inventory).

Reserves from profit

Comprise other reserves from profit, legal and statutory reserves, contingency reserves and credit risk equalisation reserves.

Solvency II

The European Union’s regulatory framework in the area of insurance, which defines the calculation of capital adequacy, and the governance of and reporting by insurance companies. The insurance company’s available own funds must be at least equal to the assessment of assumed risks, as set as out in the regulatory framework.

Coinsurance

A way to equalise risks, where assumed risks are split or spread among several insurance companies. The proportion of risk assumed by an individual insurance company may vary and represents the basis for determining an individual insurance company’s share of the premium and potential loss. Each insurance company is jointly and severally liable to the insured, i.e. for the full amount of benefits and/or claims from an insurance contract, irrespective of the proportion of risk it assumes.

Expense ratio – operating expenses from insurance transactions as a proportion of gross written premium

Ratio of operating expenses from insurance transactions to gross written premium.

Claims ratio

Ratio of the sum of net claims incurred and changes in other insurance technical provisions to net non-life and health insurance premium income.

Market capitalisation

The value of a company calculated as the product of the closing share price and the number of shares on the reporting date.

Economic value generated

Comprises net premium income, other insurance income, income from financial assets and other income.

Comprehensive income

Comprehensive income is composed of two elements. The first element comprises net profit or loss for the accounting period from the income statement. The second element comprises other comprehensive income, which discloses the effects of other income and expense items that are not recognised in the income statement, but affect the balance of shareholders’ equity, primarily due to changes in fair value reserve.

Economic value retained

Difference between economic value generated and economic value distributed.

Solvency capital requirement (SCR)

The amount of the insurance company's capital that it needs to remain solvent for at least one year with a 99.5% probability calculated in accordance with Solvency II. Calculated according to a statutory standard formula that takes into account all material measurable risks: underwriting, market, credit and operational risks.

Insurance density (premium per capita)

Ratio of gross written premium to the number of inhabitants of a specific country.

Insurance penetration

Insurance premium as a proportion of gross domestic product (GDP).

Insurance premium

The amount set out in an insurance contract that the policyholder pays to the insurance company. Insurance premium covers the payment of current and future claims, the costs of prevention activities and the insurance company’s operating expenses.

Insurance group

Several related insurance classes treated as a group. The Insurance Act groups insurance classes 1 to 18 in the non-life insurance group and insurance classes 19 to 24 in the life insurance group.

Insurance class

Various insurance types that are grouped in accordance with the Insurance Act based on the main types of risks they cover. The Insurance Act defines 24 different insurance classes.

Insurance technical provisions

The insurance company must create the necessary insurance technical provisions in connection with all insurance services that it provides. They are intended to cover future insurance liabilities and potential losses due to risks arising from rendered insurance services. They comprise unearned premium, claims provisions, mathematical provisions, provisions for bonuses and discounts, and other insurance technical provisions.